The first influenza vaccine was a monovalent live ... antigenic composition of the circulating virus had changed and antigenic drift was discovered. Two surface proteins, HA and NA, determine ...

Antigenic drift refers to small, gradual mutations in the influenza virus’s surface proteins (like hemagglutinin and neuraminidase), allowing it to evade immune recognition over time.

If you really want to feed wild birds, you need to have the feeder in an area that your cat or dog is not able to access.

To understand how to improve influenza vaccines we must take into account the variety of factors that result in suboptimal and variable effectiveness including antigenic drift of circulating ...

Usually such mutations are minor, resulting in a process called antigenic drift. Even minor changes ... found in many Asian nations contributes to influenza virus propagation.

New computational modeling of avian influenza variants' immunoprotein ... evasive HA in mammals sampled over time suggest ...

14,17–19 The influenza-virus particle may be thought of as a spherical "shell" that encloses the nucleoprotein constituents. Comprising the "shell" are a complex of diverse antigenic components.

The first influenza vaccine was a monovalent live ... antigenic composition of the circulating virus had changed and antigenic drift was discovered. Two surface proteins, HA and NA, determine ...