Philip Morrison and Guiseppe Cocconi analyzed how two civilizations separated by many light years of space might use electromagnetic radiation to communicate ... place for interstellar communication: ...

One of the major factors in how we create our forecasts involve knowing what’s going on at the surface right in the moment. These are usually known as surface observations ...

Particles can exert both a direct effect by reflecting and absorbing solar radiation. They also promote an indirect effect by influencing cloud properties and lifetimes. Water uptake by ... a large ...

In the past, observations from the Atacama ... would've been protected from the harsh radiation of nearby stars within the dense clouds. The amount of water in the gas clouds probably wasn't ...