As described above, the underlying pathologic process behind the formation of varicose veins lies within both deep and superficial reflux. Conventional teaching suggests that the underlying truncal or ...

1 Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey 2 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine 3 Department of ...

Although the formation of collaterals is classically regarded as a compensatory mechanism to bypass and thus alleviate an obstruction, the mechanism and inducement of collateral formation are unknown.

Although a number of tests have been evaluated over the years, only three have been shown to have special value for diagnosing DVT in symptomatic patients: venous ultrasonography, venography and ...

AS hospitalized patients in increasing numbers survive a multiplicity of other medical and surgical crises, pulmonary embolism continues as a chief immediate cause of death. Although anticoagulant ...