If DNA is a book, then how is it read? Learn more about the DNA transcription process, where DNA is converted to RNA, a more portable set of instructions for the cell. The process of transcription can ...

How does the cell convert DNA into working proteins? The process of translation can be seen as the decoding of instructions for making proteins, involving mRNA in transcription as well as tRNA. But ...

RNA Polymerase (shown in blue) moves across a template strand of DNA (shown in purple) and transcribes it into RNA (shown in red). But DNA damage blocks the RNA polymerase, causing it to stall and ...

Researchers synthesize recombinant proteins in cell-free extracts to verify the identity of cloned genes, to study protein-protein, protein-nucleic acid, and protein-drug interactions, and to carry ...

Cells are, at a fundamental level, protein-production facilities. So naturally, when researchers need to make some particular protein, they should let the cells do the work for them. But living cells ...

The foundations of life hinge on the precise replication and transcription of DNA and the translation of the resultant messenger RNAs. These processes are responsible for accurately passing down and ...

A team of physicists working at the intersection of theory and experiment are shedding new light on the 'teamwork' of molecular motors -- called RNA polymerases (RNAPs) -- that mediate DNA ...

As imaging tools continue to get more sophisticated, researchers have been able to actually watch biological processes as they are happening in live cells. Scientists have now visualized loops of DNA ...

The 30S subunit of the ribosome can dynamically bind to the nascent mRNA as soon as its binding site emerges from the RNAP. Transcription factors and translation initiation factors assist in the ...

When the molecular machinery in our cells gets to work transcribing the genetic information encoded in DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA), it pauses shortly after starting. Known as promoter-proximal ...