Photosynthesis is the dominant source of energy in most ecosystems through conversion of light to C-H bonds in organic material, and so the flow and fate or carbon is tightly linked to energy flow.

The feeding sequence, showing the energy flow from producers to consumers, is called a food chain. Each step is called a trophic level: producers are on the first trophic level 1, primary ...

To that end, educational efforts must ensure that ecology students- and even the discipline ... and transformations of energy and matter, information flow, exchange, and storage, structure and ...