Secondary production is an ecosystem (energy flow) concept that is measured using a population technique. Textbooks rarely mention that it can address population/community questions as well.

Photosynthesis is the dominant source of energy in most ecosystems through conversion of light to C-H bonds in organic material, and so the flow and fate or carbon is tightly linked to energy flow.

The way energy passes through an ecosystem is described as energy flow. Herbivores (plant eating animals) are primary consumers. Carnivores (animals who eat other animals) are secondary consumers ...

It discusses the principles of ecology, including the distribution of organisms, energy flow, and the interdependence of species, using examples like muscles and starfish along coastlines and ...

All organisms in an ecosystem depend on each other. Food chains show the flow of energy from one organism to another. Food chains show the feeding relationships between organisms. Food webs show ...