The Mongol army invaded, burning and sacking cities like Kiev and Ryazan ... bark was harvested for writing. The people of Medieval Russia boiled the bark to soften it, then scraped and cut ...

Civilians, according to Zakharova, are dying from the actions of both militants and the coalition forces confronting them making a "medieval ... city. Kiev ready for any provocations to derail Rus ...

Illustrations of the devastating sieges of Russian cities by the Golden Horde. Left, Siege of Kiev, and right, Siege of Kozelsk. Photo: Wikimedia Commons Literacy rates were high in medieval ...