Mitochondria arose through a fateful endosymbiosis more than 1.45 billion years ago. Many mitochondria make ATP without the help of oxygen. Aa Aa Aa What variety is there in mitochondria ...

In humans and other multicellular organisms, cells multiply. This defining feature allows embryos to grow into adulthood, and enables the healing of the many bumps, bruises and scrapes along the way.

"Until a few years ago, we were sure that mitochondria produced ATP via oxidative phosphorylation in the intermembrane space, where the inner and outer membranes interact. This has changed.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts likely evolved from engulfed prokaryotes that once lived as independent organisms. At some point, a eukaryotic cell engulfed an aerobic prokaryote, which then formed ...