As few as five electrons in a semiconductor can exhibit collective behaviour, forming a “Coulomb liquid”, according to ...

A new method uses helium droplets combined with ultrashort laser pulses to trigger chemical reactions in a controlled way.

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Some elements in the periodic table, such as carbon, silicon, and germanium, are intrinsic semiconductors due to the number of electrons in their outermost electron shells.

The Ge atoms elevate Vb energy, indicated by the red shift on this color map. Ab-initio analysis of such structures shows a bumpy Vb surface, with Vb energy peaks happening around higher Ge content ...

Lightning strikes in the atmosphere can trigger a rain of high-powered “killer electrons” in low-Earth orbit that form harmful streams of radiation, new research suggests.

Unlike silicon and germanium, GaN is a compound, not an element, and is made by combining gallium, with its three valence electrons, with arsenic, which has five valence electrons. “Eight valence ...

The distribution of outermost shell electrons, known as valence electrons, of organic molecules was experimentally observed for the first time by a team led by Nagoya University in Japan. As the ...

As the interactions between atoms are governed by the valence electrons, the findings shine light on the fundamental nature of chemical bonds, with implications for pharmacy and chemical engineering.