A rare cell in the lining of lungs is fundamental to the organ-wide response necessary to repair damage from toxins like ...

Influenza hemagglutinin subunit vaccines are more effective and offer better cross protection against various influenza virus ...

Influenza continues to pose a significant global health burden, with seasonal outbreaks causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Current antiviral therapies, such as neuraminidase inhibitors and ...

Influenza continues to pose a significant global health burden, with seasonal outbreaks causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Current ...

Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) is an important target for protective antibodies and therapeutic drugs against influenza viruses. Currently, influenza subunit vaccines focus on haemagglutinin and ...

Flu virus proteins self-replicate Influenza virus proteins in the act of self-replication, captured with a microscope. The blue protein encloses the virus's RNA (green), its genetic material.

Biologically, H5N1 isn’t so different from any other influenza A virus—the type that resides mainly in wild birds, as well as bats, and has occasionally jumped into human populations.

The neuraminidase (NA) is the second major influenza A and B virus surface antigen. Like HA, NA is subject to antigenic drift, indicating that immune responses against NA exert a selective pressure on ...

Influenza A is divided into subtypes based on two proteins on the virus's surface: hemagglutinin and neuraminidase.

A strain of bird flu never seen before in the United States has been detected among poultry at a California farm. The virus, called highly pathogenic H5N9, is a type of avian influenza, otherwise ...

Its full scientific name is avian influenza A (H5N1), so it contains hemagglutinin 5 and neuraminidase 1. Bird flu primarily affects birds, as per the name, but has adapted to infect cows and can ...