The Costa Concordia sank off the coast of Italy in 2012 after hitting rocks near Giglio Island. The 114,000 ton ship lay on its side in shallow water. Engineers led one of the largest and most expensive salvage operations in history. A method called parbuckling rotated the ship upright. Huge steel boxes called sponsons were attached to the hull. Water was pumped out of the sponsons to provide buoyancy and lift the vessel. The process took over two years and cost more than 1.2 billion dollars. Pr